Chitosan product properties specification and control
- Degree of Deacetylation / %DD
It is identify to be Chitin - Chitosan, our Chitosan definition specific the degree of deacetylation more than 80% of by NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy)
Degree of deacetylation using a NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy) Spectra of Chitosan samples (solid state) were recorded on Bruker AVANCE III HD(Ascend 400 WB)
- MW / Molecular Weight
By GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography) method
Molecular weight of the sample was determined by GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography) : The molecular weight of Chitosan samples (2mg/mL in acetate buffer) was estimated by GPC using pullulan(MW 5,800-788,000) as a standard. Analysis was performed on Ultrahydrogel linear column (7.8 ID x 300 mm, Waters, USA) connected in line with a Waters GPC apparatus. Samples were eluted with 0.5 M acetate buffer with a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min at 30 c and monitored by RI (refractive index) detector
- Viscosity
By Cylinder Rotational Viscosity, Brookfield viscosmeter
Viscosity Chitosan at the concentration of 1 % was prepared by dissolving in 1% acetic acid. The viscosity of the Chitosan solution was determined using a Brookfield viscometer model LVDVD. To keep the temperature constant, Chitosan solution must be incubated at 25 c for 3 h before measuring
- Soluble and insoluble
% Insoluble by using filtration method - ASH
Ash content of the sample was determined by storing the sample in a muffle furnace at 600 c for 24 h or until the weight was constant. Ash content was calculated from the percentage of ash residue comparing to the initial weight of the moisture free sample
Remark: This method was modified from AOAC 938.08. - Moisture
Moisture Content of the sample was determined by drying the sample at 105 c for 24 h or until the weight was constant. It was then calculated by percentage of weight loss comparing to the initial weight of the sample.
Remark: this method was modified from AOAC 934.01. - Particle size
Shaker : Lab Standard Sifters Shakers Test Sieve
Standard mesh (Tyler equivalent) (#50 mesh, #80 mesh and #230 mesh)
Heavy metals, microbiological specification and control
- Heavy Metals
Arsenic : Test Method Based on AOAC(2005), specification NMT 0.5 ppm
Lead : Test Method LBCH-04408: Based on AOAC(2005), specification NMT 0.3 ppm
Cadmium : Test Method LBCH-04408: Based on AOAC(2005), specification NMT 0.5 ppm
Mercury :Test Method USEPA 7473/ ASTM 6722, specification NMT 0.1 ppm - Microbiological
Aerobic Plate Count : Test Method USFDA/CFSAN/BAM online (Chapter 3), specification NMT 100 cfu/g
Yeast & Mold : Test Method USFDA/CFSAN/BAM online (Chapter 18), specification NMT 100 cfu/g
E.coli & Coliform : Test Method USFDA/CFSAN/BAM online (Chapter 4), specification None detected/1g
Staphylococcus aureus : Test Method USFDA/CFSAN/BAM online (Chapter 12), specification None detected/1g
Salmonella spp. :Test Method USFDA/CFSAN/BAM online (Chapter 5), specification None detected/25g
Listeria spp. : Test Method USFDA/CFSAN/BAM online (Chapter 10), specification None detected/25g
Pseudomonas : Test Method Based on ISO 13720, specification None detected/25g - Other
Melamine : Test Method USFDA , specification NMT 2.5 mg /kg
Benzo(a)pyrene : Test Method Based on journal of the Royal society of Chemistry, specification NMT 5.0μg/kg (wet weight)
Remark : NMT meaning is "not more than"
